European Business Schools Librarian's Group
Working Papers,
Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics
No 11-2025: Gender Equality and Carbon Inequality: Do Social Ideologies Matter?
Haotian Zhang (), Tooraj Jamasb (), Rabindra Nepal () and Kangyin Dong ()
Additional contact information
Haotian Zhang: Lingnan College, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Tooraj Jamasb: Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School, Postal: Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics, Porcelaenshaven 16 A. 1. floor, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
Rabindra Nepal: School of Business, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
Kangyin Dong: School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
Abstract: Gender equality and carbon inequality are interrelated and pervasive. However, there is limited evidence on the presence and nature of the causality relationships between gender equality and carbon inequality in the literature. This paper examines how gender equality affects carbon inequality and the underlying mechanisms using a theoretical model analysis with a novel perspective and panel data from 153 countries for the period 2006–2019. We find that gender equality mitigates carbon inequality by alleviating wealth and income disparities with democratization and anti-corruption efforts amplifying its impact. The reduction in carbon inequality and economic inequality stems mainly from the decrease in carbon emissions and the economic share of the wealthy. The benefits of gender equality for the poor are relatively small, while democratization and anti-corruption and efforts strengthen its positive effects on disadvantaged groups.
Keywords: Gender equality; Carbon inequality; Democratization; Corruption; Wealth inequality; Income inequality
JEL-codes: C23; F35; O13; P28; Q55
Language: English
76 pages, December 4, 2025
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