European Business Schools Librarian's Group
Department of Economics Working Papers,
Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics
No 331: How is global commerce affecting the gender composition of employment? A firm-level analysis of the effects of exposure to gender norms via trade and FDI
Carolina Lennon () and Alyssa Schneebaum ()
Additional contact information
Carolina Lennon: Department of Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business
Alyssa Schneebaum: Department of Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business
Abstract: Global firms have a higher share of female employees than domestic non-exporters. To explain this fact, this paper tests whether international trade and FDI are channels through which norms regarding gender (in)equality are transmitted from customers and investors to firms. We employ pooled cross-sectional data from 2007 - 2016 for around 28,000 firms in 104 different countries. We compare global versus non-global firms in the same market to study the infuence of firms' exposure to gender norms in commercial partner countries. The results show a race to the top for low- and mid-level jobs and the opposite for top managerial positions.
Keywords: globalization, international trade, FDI, gender, transmission of social norms
JEL-codes: F66; D22; F42; J16 February 2023
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