HEC Research Papers Series,
HEC Paris

Abstract: How will managerial work evolve as AI systems increasingly automate organizational tasks? We argue that many managerial responsibilities–such as performance monitoring, scheduling, and compliance–are susceptible to partial automation, given their rule-based and structured nature. By contrast, tasks that rely heavily on creative and social intelligence–such as team building and employee development–are likely to remain more resistant to automation. Leadership activities, including articulating a vision, inspiring teams, and navigating crises, may be especially resilient, as they depend on forms of human intelligence that current AI systems cannot easily replicate.

Keywords: Management; Leadership; Artificial Intelligence; Future of Work

JEL-codes: J24; M12; O33

11 pages, November 6, 2025

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